Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences

This study aimed to evaluate the Drug usage of 3^rd generation cephalosporins and its effectiveness against particular diagnosis. A Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at 40 Bedded Pediatric wards of Sukkur Blood Bank, Donating Society and Hospital, Sukkur to evaluate the antibiotic usage pattern among all admitted in-patients. Patients’ demographic details were recorded from the Patient Bedside File (PBF). Data were analyzed using an excel sheet and Microsoft SPSS 20. Among all admitted patients, 1710 patients met the inclusion criteria and their PBF were evaluated for antibiotics. A total of 2155 cephalosporins were prescribed. The most commonly prescribed cephalosporins among the study population were Ceftriaxone 51.55% followed by Cefotaxime Sodium (26.50%). Among all, 74.34% pediatric patients were prescribed antibiotics through the parenteral route and 25.66% through the oral route. Antibiotics were being used without having any official national antibiotic policy or institutional protocols, which are currently lacking in the country. The study findings shall assist the health department and hospital management to devise the official guidelines to ensure rational usage of antibiotics. It is therefore recommended that the government should immediately address the irrational and overuse of antibiotics by implementing, national antibiotics policy, antibiotic stewardship programs, and training of healthcare staff. Novelty of this paper consists of collection of large-scale data, also data from diversified population was collected, as this study was conducted in public, private, and also charity-based hospitals.

Keywords: pediatrics, antibiotics, cephalosporins, consumption pattern, culture sensitivity test.

https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.1.29

Malaria caused by Plasmodium parasites is a significant public health issue, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. There is also resistance to chloroquine-based therapy, which highlights the need for novel therapeutic agents. Therefore, our project in exploring antiplasmodial agents from Garcinia Indonesia continues. This study evaluates the phytochemical content of G. bancana by the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) and its in vitro antioxidant and antiplasmodial activities. The TPC and TFC values were determined using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer, while the antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Antiplasmodial activity against a chloroquine-sensitive strain 3D7 was evaluated using the Giemsa staining method. The highest TPC value of 195.75 ± 1.24 mg GAE/g was obtained from methanolic extract, while a TFC value of 82.79 ± 0.34 mg QE/g extract was found from dichloromethane extract. The methanolic extract exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity in the DPPH and FRAP assays with IC₅₀ values of 6.07 ± 0.06 μg/ml and 74.35 ± 3.77 μM Fe²⁺/g, respectively. The n-hexane extract was found to be the most potent on ABTS antioxidant and antiplasmodial assays with IC₅₀ values of 1.22 ± 0.02 μg/ml and 0.23 ± 0.01 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the DPPH antioxidant was negatively correlated with antiplasmodial significantly at 0.05. These findings suggest that the n-hexane extract of G. bancana has great potential as a source of antioxidant and antiplasmodial compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides microscopic evidence in addition to the strongest antiplasmodial efficacy of Garcinia extract.

Keywords: Garcinia bancana, extract, antioxidant activity, antiplasmodial activity.

https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.1.28

The study is based on the descriptive experimental method, where the research deals with the creation of a new type of surface insulator and its use as a heat insulator, where the remnants of fabrics and threads are used with paper pulp of different thicknesses to determine the extent of their ability to heat insulation. The two researchers prepared the study samples represented in non-woven with a thickness of 3 cm - 2 cm - 1.5 cm. The research objective lies in highlighting the role of recycling yarns and fabric remnants in reflecting ultraviolet rays, insulating heat, and determining the most appropriate thickness to getting the highest thermal insulation. The results were obtained with a thermal conductivity meter with hot square technology. There is a difference in the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the samples according to the thickness used. The higher the thickness of the sample, the lower the coefficient of thermal conductivity, and thus, the higher the thermal insulation value. The results of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the samples under study were, in general, significantly low, which indicates the success of the samples in isolating the surfaces well, as the value was between 0.032 and 0.0178. From here, it is possible to benefit from paper and fabric waste in the material savings resulting from the use of air conditioning devices and high-priced insulators. This is an attempt by the two researchers to save electricity consumption, which increases when air conditioners are used in places with high temperatures for a long time.

Keywords: recycling, leftover fabrics, heat insulator, yarns, textile.

https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.1.27

This research starts from the phenomenon of climate change and increasing land subsidence in the coastal areas. Disasters that often occur due to climate change and subsidence result in the destruction of coastal communities' property, loss of life, agricultural land cannot produce optimally, and tsunamis, tidal floods, and liquefaction are increasingly common. If the incident is not addressed, it will lead to a more severe disaster, and the lives of coastal communities will be threatened. This research aims to assess the condition of coastal ecosystems, both coastal ecosystems, landscapes and seascapes, which are then assessed for the level of usage (economic), conservation (ecology), and the value of local wisdom (social). The method used includes three models: geographic information system (GIS), partial least square (PLS), and total economic value (TEV). GIS is used to assess the presence of landscapes and seascapes. PLS is used to assess public opinion and assessment of the existence of coastal ecosystems. TEV is used to assess the economy. The results of the study show that there are still many Pulo Doro beaches that have not been intervened by anthropogenic processes. The condition of the coastal ecosystem is still intact, although natural processes have begun stressing the coastal area due to the increasing wave height. The results of the PLS show that the community values the landscape as 0.753, the seascape assessment as 0.666, the assessment of the relationship between the landscape and the seascape as 0.841, the assessment of the condition of the Pulo Doro Coastal as 0.693, and efforts to develop a Pulo Doro coastal ecosystem management strategy 0.766. The results of the TEV calculation show that both the landscape and seascape show that the economic value is still not exploited much. The results of this study found a model for managing the coast based on landscape and seascape approaches.

Keywords: seascape, landscape, geographic information system, partial least square, total economic value.

https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.1.26

This study aims to investigate the most successful educational systems worldwide and the Moroccan educational system to determine the causes constraining the socio-educational development in Morocco. This comparative study relies on a qualitative methodology based on an inductive approach called the empirical-inductive approach, which starts from facts and real and observable data. This scientific method allowed us to identify our subject in terms of the best-performing educational system. The sample includes one or two educational systems from five continents: Africa (Morocco), America (Canada and the United States), Asia (Japan), Europe (France and Finland), and Oceania (Australia) through the comparison of the most common criteria between each country mentioned: the school system (cycles), teacher training, the number of hours a teacher works, teacher salaries and the number of students per class. This study provides a clear picture of the most successful education system that has been able to manage the masses and reveals the secret of its successful educational management policies. It is the Canadian education system that is a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) according to the Program for International Student Assessment with an OECD average of 520 (score above the OECD average of 487), and Morocco is in 75th place about four steps from the last with an OECD average of 359 (score well below the OECD average 487). The above is more than a reason to be inspired by the education system of this leading country in the field, which would lead to better results in terms of structural transformation, inclusive development, and efficient management of Moroccan education networks in the coming days.

Keywords: educational system, educational institution, socio-educational development.

https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.1.25