Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences

This scoping review examines preclinical evidence on physical, probiotic, and nutraceutical interventions for type 2 diabetes mellitus using Wistar rat models. The distinctive contribution of this review lies in its explicit distinction between direct experimental evidence and a proposed future framework for a combined treadmill–Smallanthus sonchifolius–Lactobacillus acidophilus intervention. By systematically identifying the absence of direct evidence for this combined protocol, the review provides a focused rationale for future experimental studies rather than relying solely on extrapolation from separate intervention models. The study aimed to map intervention characteristics, animal models, outcomes, and evidence gaps related to glycemic control, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, inflammation, gut microbiota, and molecular pathways. A scoping review was conducted according to the Arksey and O’Malley framework and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Springer Nature databases/platforms were searched for studies published between 2015 and 2025 using terms related to Wistar rats, type 2 diabetes mellitus, treadmill exercise, yacon/Smallanthus sonchifolius, probiotics, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Records were screened using Rayyan, data were extracted using Microsoft Excel, and reporting quality and risk of bias were appraised using the ARRIVE reporting criteria and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool. The search identified 1,389 records; after duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, and full-text assessment, 23 studies were included in the review. The strongest direct evidence was found for treadmill exercise, with 21 studies reporting improvements in fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance indices, lipid or adiposity parameters, and metabolic-inflammatory pathways. Direct evidence for Lactobacillus acidophilus was limited to two studies, which reported improvements in glycemia, insulin sensitivity, inflammatory markers, body weight, and fecal lactobacilli counts. No eligible study directly examined Smallanthus sonchifolius or the full three-component combination. Therefore, treadmill exercise is directly supported by preclinical evidence, Lactobacillus acidophilus has limited supportive evidence, and yacon-based as well as combined physical–nutraceutical–probiotic protocols remain hypothesis-generating strategies requiring direct experimental validation.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Wistar rats; treadmill exercise; probiotics; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Smallanthus sonchifolius; yacon; nutraceuticals; scoping review; inflammation.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.6.11

This study aims to analyse the integration of health promotion through teacher role modelling in the formation of Clean and Healthy Living Behaviour (Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat, PHBS) among young children in early childhood education units in Central Lombok Regency. The study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design involving formal early childhood education teachers selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire measuring work experience, working conditions, knowledge, motivation, attitudes, intentions, and teachers’ role-modelling behaviour in PHBS practices. Validity and reliability tests were conducted prior to data collection. The relationships among variables were then analysed using path analysis to identify the direct and indirect effects of personal and environmental factors on teachers’ role-modelling behaviour.
The findings show that teachers’ role-modelling behaviour is relatively strong in relation to personal hygiene habits and light physical activity, while healthy eating habits still need to be strengthened through school environmental support and parental collaboration. Personal factors, including motivation, attitudes, knowledge, and intention, contribute to the consistency of teachers’ role-modelling behaviour. Environmental factors, such as school policies and the availability of sanitation facilities, influence the sustainability of healthy lifestyle practices. These findings have important implications for strengthening practice-based teacher training, developing a healthy school culture, and formulating more contextual and sustainable health promotion policies in early childhood education.

Keywords: Early childhood education; Health promotion; Clean and Healthy Living Behaviour; PHBS; Teacher role modelling; Healthy school culture.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.6.10

This study aims to map the intellectual structure, research trends, and future directions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Digital Literacy in Higher Education using a Systematic Literature Network Analysis (SLNA) approach. Data were collected from the Scopus database following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, resulting in 242 journal articles published between 2019 and 2025. Bibliometric mapping was conducted using VOSviewer, while Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modelling was applied to identify thematic patterns and emerging research themes. The findings reveal a substantial increase in publications after 2023, coinciding with the rapid growth of generative AI technologies. Six major thematic clusters were identified, covering AI-based digital literacy, academic integrity and ethics, human-centered factors, pedagogical adoption, digital competence, and AI-supported learning technologies. Topic modelling further revealed ten dominant research themes, with generative AI emerging as the most influential topic in recent years. The study highlights a shift from technology-oriented perspectives toward more pedagogical, ethical, and human-centered approaches. By integrating SLNA, bibliometric network analysis, and LDA topic modelling, this research provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving research landscape and offers strategic directions for future research and policy development in higher education.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; digital literacy; higher education; bibliometric analysis; systematic literature network analysis; topic modelling.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.6.9

Background: Disasters pose substantial and growing challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, requiring a workforce adequately prepared to respond in complex, resource‑constrained environments. Despite the critical role of healthcare professionals in disaster response, existing evidence consistently indicates suboptimal preparedness among students and graduates. One contributing factor is the absence of clearly defined and consistently applied teaching competencies to guide disaster preparedness education across healthcare curricula.
Methods: An integrative systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidance to identify teaching competencies used in disaster preparedness education for healthcare students. A comprehensive search of seven electronic databases (Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PubMed, ERIC, ProQuest, and ResearchGate) was undertaken for English‑language studies published between January 2013 and January 2023. Database‑specific search strategies were applied, and reference management and screening were performed using EndNote 20 and Rayyan®. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and appraised methodological quality using design‑appropriate tools. A third reviewer validated the whole process. Qualitative content analysis was employed to synthesize findings across heterogeneous study designs.
Results: Of 5,372 records screened, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Across these studies, 24 distinct disaster preparedness competencies were identified and classified into three educational domains: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Cognitive competencies—particularly disaster‑related knowledge and situational understanding—were most frequently assessed, followed by affective competencies such as confidence and willingness to participate. Psychomotor competencies, including communication, teamwork, triage, and technical performance, were primarily evaluated through simulation‑ and drill‑based interventions. All included studies reported significant improvement in at least one competency following educational interventions. However, most studies focused on nursing students and were conducted in Asian settings, with limited representation of interprofessional cohorts and regions bearing high disaster burdens.
Conclusions: This review identifies a broad yet uneven set of competencies underpinning disaster preparedness education for healthcare students, with a strong emphasis on cognitive outcomes and comparatively limited attention to affective and psychomotor domains. Greater integration of competency‑based, interprofessional, and context‑sensitive educational approaches is needed to enhance curriculum transferability and global relevance. Future research should prioritize skills‑based training, interprofessional education, and evidence generation from underrepresented regions to strengthen disaster preparedness education worldwide.

Keywords: healthcare students, disaster preparedness, disaster medicine, competencies, education.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.6.8

This study aims to examine the influence of fast-food consumption and lifestyle on the mental health of permanent employees in manufacturing companies and to discuss its implications for workplace food security. A quantitative approach was employed involving 121 permanent employees from manufacturing companies in Indonesia, selected using a total sampling technique. The research instruments included a fast-food consumption scale, a lifestyle questionnaire covering activity, interest, and opinion dimensions, and the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-38) to assess mental health. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The novelty of this study lies in its integration of fast-food consumption, lifestyle, employee mental health, and workplace food security within the context of manufacturing companies, an area that has received limited empirical attention in Indonesia. Furthermore, this study extends the discussion of employee mental health by highlighting its connection not only with psychological factors but also with lifestyle patterns and food-related conditions in the workplace. The findings indicate that fast-food consumption and lifestyle jointly have a significant effect on employees’ mental health (p = 0.014 < 0.05). Partial analysis reveals that fast-food consumption does not significantly influence mental health (p = 0.070 > 0.05), whereas lifestyle has a positive and significant effect (p = 0.000 < 0.05). These findings suggest that maintaining a healthy and balanced lifestyle contributes more substantially to employees’ psychological well-being than fast-food consumption alone. The practical implications emphasize the need for manufacturing companies in Indonesia to integrate health promotion initiatives, nutrition education, and healthy lifestyle programs into organizational policies to improve employee mental health and strengthen food security in the workplace.

Keywords: fast-food consumption; lifestyle; employee mental health; workplace food security; manufacturing employees; Indonesia.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.6.7