Species Diversity and Population Density of Bucerotidae Birds in Pocut Meurah Intan Grand Forest Park, Aceh Province
Abstract
Pocut Meurah Intan Grand Forest Park (Tahura) in Aceh Province, Indonesia, is a protected nature conservation area currently facing serious threats from human activities, such as habitat fragmentation, forest conversion, illegal logging, and bird hunting. These disturbances have adversely affected the diversity and population density of hornbill species (Bucerotidae) within the park. This study aimed to assess the diversity and population density of Bucerotidae using a survey-exploratory method. Data were collected through line transects and concentration counts across three stations, each containing five observation points. Station 1 and Station 3 represented primary forest areas, while Station 2 was exposed to human encroachment. Species diversity was analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener Index, and population density was estimated through the Eisenberg formula. Researchers recorded 118 individuals representing five hornbill species: Buceros rhinoceros Linnaeus (rhinoceros hornbill), Buceros bicornis Linnaeus (great hornbill), Aceros undulatus Shaw (wreathed hornbill), Anthracoceros albirostris Shaw (oriental pied hornbill), and Rhinoplax vigil J. R. Forster (helmeted hornbill). A total of 118 individuals representing five Bucerotidae species were recorded across the three observation stations. Aceros undulatus was the most abundant species, with 48 individuals (40.68%), followed by Anthracoceros albirostris with 38 individuals (32.20%). The calculated diversity index (Ĥ = 1.295) reflected moderate species diversity. Population densities were found to be 2.10 individuals/km² at Station 1, 1.60 at Station 2, and 2.20 at Station 3. The lowest density at Station 2 highlights the negative impact of habitat degradation, emphasizing the urgent need for focused conservation efforts.
Keywords: Bird Population, Bucerotidae, Species Diversity, Tahura Pocut Meurah Intan.
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