Teacher Role Modelling and Health Promotion in Early Childhood Education: Formation of Clean and Healthy Living Behaviour
Abstract
This study aims to analyse the integration of health promotion through teacher role modelling in the formation of Clean and Healthy Living Behaviour (Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat, PHBS) among young children in early childhood education units in Central Lombok Regency. The study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design involving formal early childhood education teachers selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire measuring work experience, working conditions, knowledge, motivation, attitudes, intentions, and teachers’ role-modelling behaviour in PHBS practices. Validity and reliability tests were conducted prior to data collection. The relationships among variables were then analysed using path analysis to identify the direct and indirect effects of personal and environmental factors on teachers’ role-modelling behaviour.
The findings show that teachers’ role-modelling behaviour is relatively strong in relation to personal hygiene habits and light physical activity, while healthy eating habits still need to be strengthened through school environmental support and parental collaboration. Personal factors, including motivation, attitudes, knowledge, and intention, contribute to the consistency of teachers’ role-modelling behaviour. Environmental factors, such as school policies and the availability of sanitation facilities, influence the sustainability of healthy lifestyle practices. These findings have important implications for strengthening practice-based teacher training, developing a healthy school culture, and formulating more contextual and sustainable health promotion policies in early childhood education.
Keywords: Early childhood education; Health promotion; Clean and Healthy Living Behaviour; PHBS; Teacher role modelling; Healthy school culture.
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