Metabolite Profile of Cayenne Pepper Leaves (Capsicum frutescens L.) Using GC-MS Analysis on Salinity Stress Conditions

Mizan Maulana, Suswati, Zulheri Noer

Abstract

Metabolite profiling is an important approach for understanding plant physiological responses to abiotic stresses, including salinity, which significantly affects membrane stability, carbon metabolism, and ion homeostasis. This study aims to characterize the metabolite profile of cayenne pepper leaves (Capsicum frutescens L.) under salinity stress using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify volatile and semi-volatile compounds. The results showed that cayenne pepper leaves contained various metabolite groups, including alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, sugars, aromatic heterocyclic compounds, and stress-related bioactive components. The dominant compounds detected included D-mannose, 3-furaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), palmitic acid, and stearic acid, which may contribute to osmoregulation, oxidative protection, and membrane lipid stability. The diversity of these components indicates metabolic adjustment to salinity stress through the strengthening of osmotic regulation, antioxidant defense, and membrane structure maintenance. Overall, the findings suggest that cayenne pepper leaves exhibit an adaptive metabolite profile that may be relevant to salinity tolerance. These results provide a useful basis for further research in stress metabolomics and for the development of chili varieties with improved tolerance to extreme environmental conditions.

 

Keywords: salinity stress; Capsicum frutescens L.; metabolite profiling; GC-MS analysis; abiotic stress response.

 

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.5.12


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