Engineering of Ballast Water Filtration Equipment on the Training Ship John Lie to Prevent Marine Pollution

Haryadi Wijaya, Kawilarang Warouw Alex Masengi, Lefrand Manoppo, Vivanda Octova Joulanda Modaso, Desy Maria Helena Mantiri, Natalia Detty C. Rumampuk, Markus Talintukan Lasut

Abstract

Ballast water discharge remains a major pathway for the transboundary spread of invasive microorganisms, particularly in ports with high shipping intensity such as Amurang and Bitung, North Sulawesi. This study presents a low-cost engineering innovation in ballast water management by developing and testing a gravity-based ballast water filtration system using three mesh sizes (1 µm, 5 µm, and 10 µm) installed directly at the ballast tank inlet of the training vessel Kapal Latih John Lie. The novelty of this research lies in the application of simple, non-chemical, and non-electrical filtration inspired by aquaculture practices, designed as an alternative to expensive commercial Ballast Water Treatment (BWT) systems. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the three mesh sizes in reducing microbial concentration and achieving compliance with the IMO Ballast Water Management Convention D-2 standard. The method involved four-stage ballast water sampling (before intake, after filtration, inside the ballast tank, and after discharge) conducted at two ports. Microbial analysis was performed using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method at Water Laboratory Nusantara (WLN), Manado. The results show that the 1 µm mesh achieved the highest removal efficiency, reducing microbial concentrations by 90–95%, from 1080 CFU/mL to 36 CFU/mL at Amurang and from 1540 CFU/mL to 51 CFU/mL at Bitung, fully complying with the D-2 standard. The 5 µm mesh demonstrated partial compliance, effective only under moderate pollution conditions, while the 10 µm mesh failed to meet the standard at both ports. In conclusion, fine-mesh gravity filtration, particularly at 1 µm, is an effective and economically feasible solution for small and training vessels, although operational challenges such as clogging and post-discharge microbial regrowth indicate the need for multi-stage filtration or supplementary treatment.

 

Keywords: Ballast Water Treatment; Gravity Filtration; Microbial Removal; IMO D-2 Standard; Marine Pollution Prevention; Low-Cost Engineering Solution.

 

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.2.10


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