Comparison of Shear Strength between Peat Soil Grouting and Biogrouting
Abstract
Peat soil presents major challenges for civil engineering applications due to its high acidity, low bearing capacity, low shear strength, and high water content. This study investigates the improvement of peat soil shear strength through a combined stabilization approach: grouting using industrial and agricultural waste materials, followed by biogrouting employing indigenous Bacillus cereus. Calcium carbide residue (CCR) and rice husk ash (RHA) were used as grouting agents to supply calcium and silica for the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) compounds. Subsequently, biogrouting was carried out on selected specimens using B. cereus isolated from peat soil in Cikarang, Indonesia, to induce CaCO₃ precipitation. Bacterial treatment was applied 30 days after grouting. For the grouting-only specimens, cohesion increased by 124.62% with an internal friction angle gain of 5° after 30 days; after 60 days, cohesion increased by 137.58% and friction angle by 7°; and after 90 days, cohesion reached a 148.13% increase relative to untreated peat. The incorporation of B. cereus via biogrouting further enhanced shear strength. After 30 days of biogrouting, cohesion increased by 115.73% relative to the 60-day grouting-only condition, with a 2° friction angle. After 60 days of biogrouting, cohesion improved by 151.03% compared with the 30-day biogrouting condition, with a 3° friction angle; after 112 days, cohesion rose by an additional 32.83%, with a 4° friction angle. The study provides three main contributions: the combined use of CCR and RHA as sustainable waste-based grouting materials, the application of indigenous B. cereus as a biogrouting agent, and a two-stage stabilization strategy that first reduces peat acidity through grouting and then applies biogrouting to further enhance shear strength.
Keywords: peat soil; Bacillus cereus; calcium carbide residue; rice husk ash; biogrouting; soil stabilization.
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