Genetic Variability and Heritability Estimates in M1–M3 Generations of Kuantan Singingi Local Rice (White Sage Genotype) Induced by Gamma Radiation

Gusti Marlina, Auzar Syarif, Gustian, Yusniwati

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a critical staple crop in Indonesia, particularly in Kuantan Singingi Regency, where local rice varieties exhibit several advantageous traits but also possess notable limitations. This study aimed to induce genetic variability in a local rice genotype ("White Sage") through gamma ray irradiation, with the goal of selecting promising mutant lines based on their phenotypic and heritable traits. Gamma irradiation at a dose of 300 Gy, previously determined to be effective, was applied to M0 seeds, with untreated seeds (0 Gy) serving as controls. A total of 600 plants per treatment were cultivated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications. The experiment was conducted under rainfed conditions in Pebaun Hulu Village, Kuantan Mudik District, from April 2024 to April 2025. M1 mutants were evaluated for key agronomic traits, and selected M2 lines were advanced using the bulk method. In the M3 generation, nine mutant lines were identified and characterized. Results indicated that most traits observed in M1 and M2 generations, including plant height, number of seedlings, number of productive tillers, flag leaf length, and grain characteristics, exhibited broad genetic variability and high heritability. In the M3 generation, plant height, number of seedlings, productive tillers, flag leaf length, and number of empty grains showed wide genotypic variability. However, the number of filled grains and weight of 100 grains showed narrow genetic variability. High heritability estimates in M3 were observed for the number of seedlings, productive tillers, and number of empty grains, while other traits demonstrated lower heritability. These findings suggest the potential for effective selection of superior mutant lines with improved agronomic performance in future breeding programs.

 

Keywords: Gamma Ray Irradiation, Genetic Variability, Heritability, Local Rice, Mutagenesis, Oryza sativa.

 

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.52.8.3


Full Text:

PDF


References


Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Luas Panen dan Produksi Padi di Indonesia 2024 (Angka Sementara). Berita Resmi Statistik, Vol. 2024, Issue 74.

Dadang, A., Tasliah, T., & Prasetiyono, J. (2016). Seleksi dan Konfirmasi Alel Gen-gen Hd pada Padi Berumur Genjah dan Produktivitas Tinggi Persilangan Code x Nipponbare. Jurnal AgroBiogen, 9(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.21082/jbio.v9n1.2013.p11-18

Dash, S., & Kujur, M. (2024). Impact of gamma irradiation on the biochemical and physiological characteristics of black rice. Current Agriculture Research Journal, 11(3), 813–825. https://doi.org/10.12944/carj.11.3.12

Ezward, C., Suliansyah, I., Rozen, N., & Dwipa, I. (2023). Broad Diversity Level and Low Kinship Level of Local Rice Genotypes. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 13(5), 1788–1798. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.13.5.18687

Hanafy, R. S., & Akladious, S. A. (2018). Physiological and molecular studies on the effect of gamma radiation in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 16(2), 683–692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.02.012

Heriansyah, P., Anwar, P., & Prima, A. (2022). Understanding the Perception and Impact of Seasonal Climate Events on Rice Farming in Indonesia. Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(3), 462–476. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1084525

Ilyas, A., Haris, A., & Ibrahim, B. (2024). Radasi Sinaram Mammal Characteristics of Local Rice Ase Reed Generation M5 Results From Gamma Radiation. Agrotekmas, 5(1), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.33096/agrotekmas.v5i1.494

Li, P., Chen, Y. H., Lu, J., Zhang, C. Q., Liu, Q. Q., & Li, Q. F. (2022). Genes and Their Molecular Functions Determining Seed Structure, Components, and Quality of Rice. Rice, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-022-00562-8

Mailala, J. H., Basuki, N., & Seogianto, A. (2016). Pengaruh iradiasi sinar gamma terhadap perubahan fenotipik tanaman padi gogo (Oryza sativa L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 4(7), 585–594.

Mardiyah, A., Wandira, A., & Syahril, M. (2022). Viabilitas Dan Heritabilitas Populasi Padi Gogo Kultivar Aarias Kuning Generasi Mutan-1 Hasil Iradiasi. Inovasi Penelitian, 3(2), 4827–4838.

Marnita, Y., Mardiyah, A., & Syahril, M. (2021). Variabilitas, Heritabilitas, dan Hasil Padi Gogo F3 Persilangan Kultivar Lokal Aceh x Ciherang. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 49(2), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v49i2.34329

Melati, O., Swasti, E., & Suliansyah, I. (2023). Uji Daya Hasil Mutan M5 Padi Beras Merah (Oryza sativa L.) dengan Pola Tanam Sistem Jajar Legowo. Jurnal Pertanian Agros, 25(2), 1181–1188.

Naibaho, D., Purba, E., Hanafiah, D. S., & Hasibuan, S. (2023). Improvement of the morphology, biochemical characteristics, and molecular changes of local upland rice C. Sidikalang M3 generation through induction of gamma-ray irradiation. Biodiversitas, 24(1), 200–207. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240124

Panda, D., & Barik, J. (2021). Flooding tolerance in rice: Mechanisms and approaches. Rice Science, 28(1), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2020.11.006

Peng, S., Khush, G. S., Virk, P., Tang, Q., & Zou, Y. (2008). Progress in ideotype breeding to increase rice yield potential. Field Crops Research, 108(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2008.04.001

Qadri, A., Hayati, E., & Efendi, E. (2020). Pendugaan Nilai Heritabilitas Karakter Agronomi Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Generasi F2. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian, 3(4), 125–131. https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v3i4.9197

Parikh, R. D., Tipre, R. D., Nayak, S., & Dave, R. S. (2018). Degradation of Discarded Used Engine Oil by Pseudomonas aeruginosa DP-1 and its Optimization. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(4), 2224–2229. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.253

Rifnas, L., Vidanapathirana, N., Silva, T., et al. (2020). Effects of gamma radiation on the morphology, survival, and growth of A. cathartica plants at different ages. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Floriculture Research (NaSFloR), December, 59–63.

Scottish Water. (2020). Karakter Stomata dan Morfologi Tanaman Padi Hitam (Oryza sativa L.) Varietas Wojalaka Hasil Induksi Mutasi dengan Oryzalin. Vol. 21(1).

Shi, D., Rehman, H. U., Iqbal, I., et al. (2023). Analysis of the dynamics in the double-chain model of DNA. Results in Physics, 52, 106787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2023.106787

Siahpoosh, M. R., Nasrollahi, S., & Sekhavat, R. (2020). Effects of gamma radiation on mitosis and meiosis anomalies and agronomic features in M2 plants of Vicia faba cv. Saraburi. Cytologia, 85(2), 135–140. https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.85.135

Tri Darmawan, R., & Damanhuri. (2019). Keragaman Genetik Padi Hitam (Oryza sativa L.) Populasi M2 Hasil Mutasi Kolkisin. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 7(2), 291–297.

Umam, R., Sudharmawan, A. A. K., & Sumarjan. (2015). Tampilan Sifat Kuantitatif Beberapa Galur F7 Padi Beras Merah Hasil Silang Ganda Indica Dengan Javanica. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 4(12), 10–14. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1008-0813.2015.03.002

Yulina, N., Ezward, C., & Haitami, A. (2021). Karakter Tinggi Tanaman, Umur Panen, Jumlah Anakan, dan Bobot Panen pada 14 Genotipe Padi Lokal. Agrosains dan Teknologi, 6(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.24853/jat.6.1.15-24

Jadhav, A. H. (2023). Induction of genetic variability through gamma rays in rice. VNMKV University Thesis. [KrishiKosh]

Riyanto, A., et al. (2024). Genetic parameters of yield component in M1 rice. Jurnal Kultivasi, 23(1), 40–49.

El-Degwy, I. S. (2013). Mutation-induced variability in rice. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 58(2), 75–84.

Zhou, X., et al. (2023). Heavy ion beam-induced mutations in rice. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1213807. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1213807

Bordoloi, D., et al. (2023). Mutation breeding in Joha rice M1–M3. Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 178(5), 501–510.

Putra, M. M., et al. (2020). Black rice M3 mutant selection. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 486(1), 012094. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/486/1/012094

Hasan, N. A., et al. (2021). Mutagenized rice evaluation using markers. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 17(5), 1993–2007.

Tchokozi, M., et al. (2025). M4 morphological variation in rice. African Crop Science Journal, 33(1), 10–18.

Goud, B. C. S. (2021). Gamma and EMS-induced variability in M3 cowpea. Ph.D. Thesis, PJTSAU, India.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.